| 1789 | Antoine Lavoisier publishes Elements of Chemistry
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| 1800 |
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| | end of vitalism (1828, Wöhler's synthesis of urea)
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| | elementary organic analysis
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| 1840 |
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| | atomic weight of carbon
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| | isomerism, classification of organic compounds
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| | valence concept (combining power of elements)
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| | Mendeleev's first periodic table (1869)
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| | thermodynamics: heat, work, energy
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| 1880 |
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| | molecular structures proposed
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| | advances in synthetic methods
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| | natural products chemistry
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| | statistical mechanics
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| 1920 |
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| | quantum mechanics
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| 1930 |
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| 1939 | Linus Pauling publishes The Nature of the Chemical Bond
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